The tree’s crown, trunk and roots
Trees grow by producing new cells each growing season. In temperate climates like Europe, this is during the spring and summer months, while in tropical climates the main growing period is defined by the rainy and dry seasons. Every year a tree grows, it adds a ring to his trunk, which therefore increases in diameter. An annual ring consists of winter growth and summer growth.
In softwood, the winter growth is the darker part and is stronger than the summer growth, so slower-grown softwoods are stronger because there are more rings in a section. The bark of a tree has several layers. Each layer is made up of cells that helps the tree protect itself and supply it with nutrients.
Trees are primarily formed in three parts: the crown, the trunk and the roots.
a) The tree’s crown – The crown or canopy, is typically made up of the branches and leaves of the tree. The leaves use the sap from the roots and combine this with absorbed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This is converted into carbohydrates, which the tree uses to grow. This process is called photosynthesis. As a by-product of this process the leaves produce oxygen, which is released into the atmosphere.
b) The tree’s trunk – The trunk is the main part of the tree and the part that is converted into timber for use in the construction and joinery industries. The trunk carries the enriched sap (before photosynthesis take place) to the tree’s crown from the roots through the sap wood. The enriched sap (after photosynthesis) from the leaves travels down the trunk through the inner bark to the cambium layer, which then produces the new growth cells for the tree.
c) The tree’s roots – The roots anchor the tree to the ground, absorb water and minerals from the ground, and convert these into enriched sap, which travels up the tree to the leaves.
d) Photosynthesis – The process by which plants convert sunlight into food. Oxygen is produced as a by-product.
Next session… The difference between ‘softwood‘ and ‘hardwood‘
MFH Woodworking 
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